Eyelid surgery (technically called blepharoplasty) is a procedure to remove fat – usually along with excess skin and muscle – from the upper and lower eyelids. Eyelid surgery can correct drooping upper lids and puffy bags below your eyes – features that make you look older and more tired than you feel, and may even interfere with your vision. However, it won’t remove crow’s feet or other wrinkles, eliminate dark circles under your eyes, or lift sagging eyebrows. While it can add an upper eyelid crease to Asian eyes, it will not erase evidence of your ethnic or racial heritage. Blepharoplasty can be done alone or in conjunction with other facial surgery procedures such as a facelift or a brow lift.

If you’re considering eyelid surgery, this information will give you a basic understanding of the procedure – when it can help, how it is performed, and what results you can expect. It can’t answer all of your questions, since a lot depends on each patient’s case and the surgeon. Therefore, make sure you ask Dr. Makram about anything you don’t understand.

THE BEST CANDIDATES FOR EYELID SURGERY

The best candidates for eyelid surgery are men and women who are physically healthy, psychologically stable, and realistic in their expectations. Most are 35 or older, but if droopy, baggy eyelids run in your family, you may decide to have eyelid surgery at a younger age. A few medical conditions make blepharoplasty more risky. These include thyroid problems such as hypothyroidism and Graves’ disease, dry eye or lack of sufficient tears, high blood pressure or other circulatory disorders, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. A detached retina or glaucoma is also reason for caution; so, it is recommended that you check with your ophthalmologist before you have surgery.

ALL SURGERY CARRIES SOME UNCERTAINTY AND RISK

When eyelid surgery is performed by a qualified plastic surgeon, complications are infrequent and usually minor. Nevertheless, there is always a possibility of complications, including infection or a reaction to the anesthesia. You can reduce your risks by closely following Dr. Makram’s instructions both before and after surgery.

The minor complications that occasionally follow blepharoplasty include double or blurred vision for a few days, temporary swelling at the corner of the eyelids, and a slight asymmetry in healing or scarring. Tiny whiteheads may appear after your stitches are taken out, but Dr. Makram can remove them easily with a very fine needle. Following surgery, some patients may have difficulty closing their eyes when they sleep; in rare cases, this condition may be permanent. Another very rare complication is ectropion, a pulling down of the lower lids. In this case, further surgery may be required.

PLANNING YOUR SURGERY

The initial consultation with Dr. Makram is very important. The surgeon will need your complete medical history, so check your own records ahead of time and be ready to provide this information. Be sure to inform Dr. Makram if you have any allergies; if you’re taking any vitamins, medications, or other drugs; and if you smoke.

In this consultation, Dr. Makram or a nurse will test your vision and assess your tear production. You should also provide any relevant information from your ophthalmologist or the record of your most recent eye exam. If you wear glasses or contact lenses, be sure to bring them along. You and Dr. Makram should carefully discuss your goals and expectations for this surgery. You’ll need to discuss whether to do all four eyelids or just the upper or lower ones, whether skin as well as fat will be removed, and whether any additional procedures are appropriate.

Dr. Makram will explain the techniques and anesthesia he will use, the type of facility where the surgery will be performed, and the risks and costs involved. Don’t hesitate to ask your doctor any questions you may have, especially those regarding your expectations and concerns about the results.

PREPARING FOR YOUR SURGERY

Dr. Makram will give you specific instructions on how to prepare for surgery, including guidelines on eating and drinking, smoking, and taking or avoiding certain vitamins and medications. Carefully following these instructions will help your surgery go more smoothly. While you’re making preparations, make sure you arrange for someone to drive you home after your surgery, and to help you out for a few days if needed.

WHERE YOUR SURGERY WILL BE PERFORMED

Eyelid surgery may be performed in an outpatient surgery center or a hospital. It’s usually done on an outpatient basis; rarely does it require an inpatient stay.

TYPES OF ANESTHESIA

Eyelid surgery is usually performed under local anesthesia – which numbs the area around your eyes – along with oral or intravenous sedatives. You will be awake during the surgery, but relaxed and insensitive to pain. (However, you may feel some tugging or occasional discomfort.) Some surgeons prefer to use general anesthesia; in that case, you will sleep through the operation.

THE SURGERY

Blepharoplasty usually takes one to three hours, depending on the extent of the surgery. If you’re having all four eyelids done, the surgeon will probably work on the upper lids first, then the lower ones. In a typical procedure, the surgeon makes incisions following the natural lines of your eyelids; in the creases of your upper lids and just below the lashes in the lower lids. The incisions may extend into the crow’s feet or laugh lines at the outer corners of your eyes. Working through these incisions, the surgeon separates the skin from underlying fatty tissue and muscle, removes excess fat, and often trims sagging skin and muscle. The incisions are then closed with very fine sutures.

If you have a pocket of fat beneath your lower eyelids but don’t need to have any skin removed, Dr. Makram may perform a transconjunctival blepharoplasty. In this procedure the incision is made inside your lower eyelid, leaving no visible scar. A skin resurfacing procedure (chemical peel or laser) may be associated with your blepharoplasty.

AFTER YOUR SURGERY

After surgery, the surgeon lubricates your eyes with ointment and may apply a bandage. Your eyelids may feel tight and sore as the anesthesia wears off, but you can control any discomfort with the pain medication prescribed by Dr. Makram. If you feel any severe pain, call Dr. Makram immediately. Dr. Makram will instruct you to keep your head elevated for several days, and to use cold compresses to reduce swelling and bruising. (Bruising varies from one person to another: it reaches its peak during 2-3 days, and generally lasts anywhere from two weeks to a month.) You will be shown how to clean your eyes, which may be gummy for a week or so. Many doctors recommend eye drops, since your eyelids may feel dry at first and your eyes may burn or itch.

For the first few weeks you may also experience excessive tearing, sensitivity to light, and temporary changes in your eyesight, such as blurring or double vision. Dr. Makram will follow your progress very closely for the first week or two. The stitches will be removed two days to a week after surgery. Once they are out, the swelling and discoloration around your eyes will gradually subside, and you’ll start to look and feel much better.

GETTING BACK TO NORMAL

You should be able to read or watch television after few days (4-7). However, you won’t be able to wear contact lenses for about two weeks, and even then they may feel uncomfortable for a while. Most people feel ready to go out in public (and back to work) in a week to 10 days. By then, depending on your rate of healing and your doctor’s instructions, you will probably be able to wear makeup to hide the bruising that remains. You may be sensitive to sunlight, wind, and other irritants for several weeks, so you should wear sunglasses and a special sunblock made for eyelids when you go out.

Dr. Makram will probably tell you to keep your activities to a minimum for three to five days, and to avoid more strenuous activities for about three weeks. It is particularly important to avoid activities that raise your blood pressure, including bending, lifting, and rigorous sports. You may also be told to avoid alcohol, since it causes fluid retention.

YOUR NEW LOOK

Healing is a gradual process, and your scars may remain slightly pink for six months or more after surgery. Eventually, though, they’ll fade to a thin, nearly invisible white line. On the other hand, the positive results of your eyelid surgery – the more alert and youthful look – will last for years. For many people, these results are even permanent.